منابع مشابه
The customs union issue : Why do we observe so few of them ? ☆
a r t i c l e i n f o The number of preferential trade agreements has greatly increased over the past two decades, yet most existing arrangements take the form of free trade areas, and less than 10% can be considered to be fully fledged customs unions. This paper develops a political economy model of trade policy under imperfect competition to provide a positive explanation for the prevalence o...
متن کاملA Simulation Experiment of a Customs Union
Here a numerical simulation model, implemented in Excel, that can be used to expand student understanding of the theory of customs unions is presented. The model allows examination of core customs union issues including trade creation, trade diversion, and the Kemp–Wan theorem. By responding to an experimental assignment that guides them through the simulation, students are able to learn the th...
متن کاملProductivity and Trade Orientation: Turkish Manufacturing Industry before and after the Customs Union
The impact of trade liberalization on productivity and economic growth has received considerable attention in recent policy debates (for recent review, see Tybout, 2000 and 2001, Epifani, 2003, Erdem and Tybout, 2003). To start with, there is no consensus in the theoretical literature on the impact of trade reform on productivity. Some researchers claim that trade openness might improve product...
متن کاملFrom Political Fragmentation towards a Customs Union: Border Effects of the German Zollverein, 1815 to 1855
Over the first half of the 19 century, the Prussian-German Customs Union known as the Zollverein gradually unified a scattered confederation of sovereign states under an internal free trade agreement. This paper uses grain prices to quantify the differential effect of the Zollverein for market integration among Zollverein members versus European powers that were not part of the Zollverein, incl...
متن کاملTrade Diversification Away from the U.S. or North American Customs Union? A Review of Canada’s Trade Policy Options
This study examines Canada’s key strategic trade policy options – whether pushing for further economic integration with the U.S., or diversifying to non-U.S. markets and reducing the degree to which Canada’s economy depends on the U.S. In particular, this study compares the economic benefits of implementing a North American customs union with the benefits of increasing Canada’s trade with eithe...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Hispanic American Historical Review
سال: 1951
ISSN: 0018-2168,1527-1900
DOI: 10.1215/00182168-31.3.466